The chemical formula is H ₂, with a molecular weight of 2.01588. It is a highly flammable gas at room temperature and pressure. A colorless, transparent, odorless, tasteless, and insoluble gas. Hydrogen is known as a gas with low density in the world. The density of hydrogen is only 1/14 of that of air, that is, at 1 standard atmospheric pressure and 0 ℃, the density of hydrogen is 0.089g/L. So hydrogen can be used as a filling gas for airships and hydrogen balloons (due to its combustibility and low safety, airships are now mostly filled with helium). Hydrogen is a substance with relatively low molecular weight and strong reducibility, often participating in chemical reactions as a reducing agent.

The main uses of hydrogen gas:

The four major single uses of hydrogen (including pure hydrogen and mixed hydrogen) are: refining (33%), synthetic ammonia (27%), synthetic methanol (11%), and direct reduction of iron ore to produce steel (3%). Although pure hydrogen for other purposes accounts for a relatively small proportion, it has a wide range of applications, including metallurgy, aerospace, electronics, glass, fine chemicals, energy, and so on. Hydrogen, as a clean new energy carrier, can be used in fuel cells to store renewable energy sources such as solar and wind energy, with broad market prospects in the future. There are significant differences in the requirements for hydrogen purity and impurity content among different application scenarios.

1. In the petrochemical industry, hydrogenation is required to extract crude oil through desulfurization and hydrocracking.

2. Another important use of hydrogen is the hydrogenation of fats in margarine, edible oils, shampoos, lubricants, household cleaners, and other products.

3. In the high-temperature processing of glass manufacturing and electronic microchip manufacturing, hydrogen is added to the nitrogen protection gas to remove residual oxygen.

4. Used as a raw material for synthesizing ammonia, methanol, and hydrochloric acid, and as a reducing agent for metallurgy.

5. Due to the high fuel property of hydrogen, the space industry uses liquid hydrogen as fuel.

Hydrogen is non-toxic and suffocating. Hydrogen has flammable and explosive properties, making it prone to explosion, so pure hydrogen has certain risks. If there is a strong explosion sound during combustion, it indicates that hydrogen is impure; Explosion is highly likely to occur, so sufficient attention must be paid to it.

If there is a hydrogen leak, the solution is to quickly evacuate personnel from the contaminated area to the upwind, isolate them, and strictly restrict entry and exit. Cut off the ignition source. It is recommended that emergency personnel wear self-contained positive pressure respirators and fire protective clothing. Cut off the source of leakage as much as possible. Reasonable ventilation to accelerate diffusion. If possible, use an exhaust fan to transport the leaked gas to an open area or install an appropriate nozzle to burn it off. Leaking containers should be properly handled, repaired, and inspected before reuse. Fire extinguishing method: Cut off the gas source. If the gas source cannot be immediately cut off, it is not allowed to extinguish the burning gas. Spray water to cool the container, and if possible, move the container from the fire site to an open area. Extinguishing agent: spray water, foam, carbon dioxide, dry powder.

In an environment where hydrogen exists, a corresponding Hoenig hydrogen detector can be set up to detect the concentration of hydrogen gas in the environment in real time, display the gas concentration and alarm on the screen in real time. When the equipment detects that the gas concentration in the environment exceeds the standard, it will emit an alarm sound to inform the on-site situation of personnel in the environment, and transmit it to the control room personnel in real time through data signals, remotely informing the on-site situation, Simultaneously linked with equipment such as fans and exhaust fans, real-time reduction of gas concentration in the environment and purification of surrounding air.